Ngā haumi o ngā tāpuni pihikete ka tīmata pea te mahi ki te āwhina i ngā kaihanga ina piki ake te rāwekenga whakaputa. Ina whakaputahia ngā waeine ki te aunoa, ka heke teitei te utu mō ia waeine. Ae rā, kei reira te patunga tuatahi mō te hanga i te tāpuni anō, engari ko ia waeine atu ka hangaia ka pakaru iho i ēnei utu pūmahara. Ina whakaputahia e ngā kamupene neke atu i te 100k waeine, e kitea ana hauhake rātou i ō rātou tohu utu mō ia waeine e 60 ki te 80 miriona iti ake i ērā kaihanga paraka iti ake. Ko te take nō reira i mau ai ngā kaihanga rahi ki te whakaputa tāpuni mō ō rātou hiahia rahi. Ko te mea e tīmata ana hei uoko nui ka huri ki ngā penihana e taea ai te toronga, te ngaro rānei i ngā maakete tōpu.
Ko ngā tautuhinga whakaurunga o te wā pēnei i te rorohiko e whakahaere ana i te rahinga matū ka tukuna ki ia mōhiotia, ka iti ake te paraihe kua pau. Ki te kaupeka kua kapi i te wā o te mahi, ko te nuinga o ngā matū ka noho tonu ki te wāhi mea inaianei ki ērā karu. Ko te tikanga, ka puta ngā wāhanga takitahi anō āna i hoahoa, me te iti ake i te 5% e mutu ana hei paru. Whakarārangihia tēnā ki ngā tikanga CNC takotoranga kei reira ka pakaru pea te 70% o te matū taketake. Ka tiaki moni i te matū taketake te whiwhi i te rahinga tika o te polymer ki te mōhiotia, ā, ka huroroa hoki ngā mea. Ka kitea ngā tāpiripiri moni ina kāore ngā taputapu e noho mātātoko ana e tatari ana kia tangohia te matū huarangi i muri i ia cikara.
I ngā whakaurunga hangarau mōhini, ka pūpahi te pouri thermoplastic tahi ana me ng rōpū kaiarahi, ka waroia ki roto i ngā wae takitahi, ka hoki anō ki te tikanga ki te 15 ki te 30 ōrau, kāore ai e kino te kounga o ngā wae tapa. Ka āki ai ngā kaihanga i ngā punaha matū kati-kī, kaiteka pea te hokonga hou o ngā polymer e te hawhe. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakahaere i ērā panoni kore e mōhiotia ana i ng utu matū, a, ka pono ake te whakangao hua. Kua kite ētahi kaihoko pumau ko te ara e mahi pai ana ina hāngai ana ki te hangarau nui rawa atu i reira he mea nui te tautonotono.
Ko ngā mōhini paraihe e taea ana te whakapumautanga ka roa ake i te tini o ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ai te mahi whakahou. Ko te tikanga, ka wehekehia te utu tuatahi ki te tau maha o te whakamahi. Ko ngā tohunga hangarau hōngongoi kei te whakauru inaianei i ētahi mea pērā i ngā rorohiko hei tango i ngā wāhanga, ngā tirohanga kounga aunoa, me ngā arai e neke ai ngā wāhanga mai i tētahi atamira ki tētahi atu, ka iti ai te hiahia kia mahi ā-ringaringa. Me te whakaurunga o ēnei āhuatanga auno-mātai katoa, ka taea e ngā tohunga te whakahaere tonu i te pō mō ngā rā anuanu. He taumaha hoki ngā oranga i ngā utu tangata, he 40 ōrau iti ake i te utu mēnā ko te haurua anake o te auno-mātai. Mō ngā umanga nui, ko te wā e hoki ai te moni i uru noa ki ēnei punaha kei waenganui i te tekau mā rua ki te tekau mā waru marama i muri i te whakauru.
Ka whakarauora ngā mātai tāpahi ā-rangi i ngā kaihanga kia pakari ake i ngā here tuku iho o te whakaputa mā ngā rautaki hangarau. Arataki ana ngā mātai ritenga ki ngā whakaritenga OEM e tipi haere ana, i te nui o te punaha kounga tino whaihua – mai i te hanga tauira ki te whakaputa katoa.
Ina te wā e hanga ana i ngā wāhanga iti, pērā i ngā hihi noho, ngā tāwhai pakaru, i ngā ara rere reka ririhau, ka tino pai ai ngā taputapu takotoranga matataki. E kore pea ēnei āhuatanga e hāngai ki te whakaputa mōrearea i ngā tikanga whakaputa atu. Ka nui ake te hiahia ki te hangarau ina kōrerotia ngā mahi mūtī-paraerā me ngā tūmatakuki e taea ai e ngā kaihangahanga te whai whakaaro ki ērā whakararotanga koretake kia kaua e hiahiatia ngā mahi tāraiwa atu i muri ake. Me kaua hoki e wareware ki te tātai urunga tauira. Ka āwhina tēnei tikanga i te kite i ngā wāhi hei whakaputanga i ngā karu hei whakakii tōtika i roto i te karu whakaputa. He mea nui rawa tēnei ina heke ake i te haurua mirimita te tini o ngā pāpaku – he mea nui rawa mō te hanga i ngā wāhanga hiko iti me ngā taputapu hauora e here ana i te pono tino tika ki ngā wāhanga iti.
Mā te whakauru tika, e noho ana ngā wāhanga ki roto i ngā inenga tino tata, e te mea pea ±0.005 ōrau e ai ki ngā paerewa ISO 20457. E hāngai ana tēnei mā ngā taputapu e noho ana i ngā wāhi āhuarangi rite, me ngā tikanga e mataara ana mā te kaupapa pūtaiao i te wā katoa o te whanaketanga. Ka whakamahi te punaha i ngā kaitirotiro toki mōrearea kia āwhina i te wā e piri ake, e pakari ake rānei te matā. Ko te hoahoa pai o ngā wāhi putangia e aukati ai i te hau e pakaru ana ki roto i ngā rāwekenga, arā ka whakangāwari i ngā inenga mutunga. Mā te titiro ki ngā raraunga a te ahumahi, e iti ake i te 0.1% te panonitanga o te rahi o ngā wāhanga hokohoko i muri i te hanga i te nuinga o ngā wāhanga kotahi e 50 miriona. Ka hua tēnei momo tōtika ina tāpiri ngā kamupene ki ngā taputapu kounga, he parauri kikii, me te māia ki ngā kaupapa tiaki whakauru.
I te wa e hoahoa ana i ngā tātai, me whakaaro ngā kaipūkaha he aha ngā momo taumahatanga ka pa ki a rātou i roto i ngā āhuatanga tūturu. Tangohia ngā wāhanga o te motokā e tika ana kia ū tonu ki te 180 nekehanga Celsius, ngā taputapu hauora rānei e tika ana kia haumaru i roto i te tinana tangata. Ko te āhua o te whakatakoto o ngā tatau ki ēnei tātuhi e ārahi ana i te āhua o te whakatūnga o ngā rāpoi ngota polymer i raro i te pēhanga. A, ko aua rori whakawera ahuareka e rere ana i roto i te kāhua? He tino āwhina ki te tere ake i te mahi ki ngā rauemi uaua pēnei i te PEEK, te resin Ultem rānei e whakapohehe ana i te wera. He tino rerekē te mahi ātaahua nei i muri mai. E whakaatu ana hoki ngā raraunga wheketere i tētahi mea tino whakamiharo - e pūrongo ana ngā kamupene e pā ana ki te 92% iti iho ngā wāhanga i whakahokia mai i ō rātou mīhini ahumahi i muri i te whakatinana i ēnei hoahoa ritenga. Mō ngā pakihi i roto i ngā āpure tino whakahaere, kāore te whiwhi tohu i te mea he mahi pepa noa iho. Ko ngā paerewa pēnei i te ISO 13485 kua whakauruhia ki te tikanga o te whakaaetanga o ngā pokepokea ai, e whakaora ana i te wā me ngā mamae o te upoko i muri mai.
Mā ngā momo pūpahi ritenga e taea ai te maruaroa, ka taea hoki te neke haumaru mai i ngā paraihe tauira ki te whanonga matua kia kaua he whakapai anō. Ka mau tonu te ture vinitanga o ngā tikanga thermoplastic ahakoa e 500, e 500,000 ranei ngā waeine e hāngia ana. Ko ngā hoahoa taputapu āwhaiwātata e āki ai ngā hiahia e rerekē ana, ka iti ake ngā mōrearea o te whanonga haurua me te takoha moni i ngā wā o te whakamātau mātāpona.
Ka taea e ngā ara hou ki te hanga mōhiotia te wā whanaketanga kia paku ake neke atu i te haurua mēnā e titiro ana ki ngā tikanga tuku iho. Ka taea e ngā kamupene, ina rātou ka hono kia matatau te āhua me te CNC, te hanga mōhio ki roto i ngā wiki kia toru anō ranei engari kāore i te marama kia toru. Kei ētahi atu kamupene matarautanga anō pea ngā kaupapa tapa 10 ra hei whakauru huarahi ki te hua tīmatatanga. E taea ana tēnei e ngā wāhanga rerekē o tētahi kaupapa e neke whakamua ana i te wā kotahi anō ranei engari kāore ko te tēnei ka mutu ka tīmata te tēnei, nā reira ka tere ake te tere i te wā o te rangahau me te whanaketanga. Kei te nekenga tonu te ahumahi ki ēnei ratonga tere ake ake nei ake ai ngā kamupene e rapu ana kia tere ake te hua ki te mātāpona.
Ina te hāpai i ngā wāhanga e here ana ki te tika pono ahakoa te maha o ngā mea kua hangaia, he mea matua nui te taputapu tika. Ka whakamahi ngā toihanga hōhonu i ngā punaha aunoa hei mataara i ngā nekenga matua i te wā o te hāngai. Ka mataara ēnei punaha i ngā mea pērā i te nekenga pātiki e hiahiatia ana kia noho roto i te 0.05 mirimita, ā, ka tirotiro hoki i ērā iti nei paruhi mai i ngā tata anō hoki. Mōhio ngā kaiwhakarato pai ki tā rātou mahi, ā, mātua e piki ake ana i te CpK 1.67 ahakoa te whānuitanga o te hāngai. Arānei, ka ūkaipō ngā wāhanga ki te kaha ūkaipō, ā, ka pai te āhua i te hunga atu, he mea nui tēnei ina me fit tahi ngā wāhanga ki ētahi atu ki ngā hua mutunga.
Ko te tikanga whakauru hāpai e hangaia ana i ngā wāhanga e mōhiotia ana mō te kaha mekameka tino pai nā te whakararangatata o ngā molekūle a te wā e makariri ana te matēria. Ko ngā wāhanga e hāngia ana anō e 20 ki te 35 ōrau te kaha ake i te pānga i ngā taputapu tuari-tuari, nō reira ka mahi pai ai mō ngā wāhanga hanganga. Ina taunahia te matēria katoa kia rite kaua ko ngā wāhi noho, he iti ake ngā wāhi e tīmata ana te herenga. Anō hoki, ina noho penei te pēhanga roto o te wāhanga i muri i te hanganga, ka pānuitia ake te āhua o ēnei wāhanga tino pai ake i te wā e panaia ana ki ngā pānga rahi, ki ngā panonitanga o te kikoikoi rānei i te haerenga o te ora.
Ina hiahia ngā kaihanga ki te pai ake i ō rātou hua, e whakauru ana rātou i ētahi momo paraiharaihi rerekē i te wā kotahi o te huringa whakaputa. Hei tauira, ko te takotoranga paraiharaihi, kei hea ngā wāhanga paraiharaihi pūkaha ka takotoria e ngā mātai paraiharaihi pakari ake. Ko te tikanga nei ka pai ake te hīkoitanga, ā, ka pakari ake hoki ki ngā tōkotoko me ngā patunga, nō reira i tino kitea ai ia i ngā taputapu hauora me ngā taputapu e mau ana ngā tāngata i te rā katoa. Ko tētahi arataki atu, ko te takotoranga tahi, e taea ai e ngā kamupene te whakakotahi i ngā āhuatanga pai o ngā paraiharaihi rerekē. Hei tauira, ko te PVC e pakari ana ki ngā matū, ā, ko te PEEK e pakari ana ki te wera kāore i te rere. Mā te whakakotahi i ēnei ka iti ake ngā wāhi pakaru ki te hua whakamutunga. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga a te ahumāra, ina mahia tika, ka taea e ēnei arataki takotoranga whakakotahi te penapena i ngā wāhi pakaru mai i te 60 miriona tōrutoru ia tekau mā ono i te wehe atu i ngā tikanga tuku iho i te hanga i ngā rama herehere.
Ka taea te whakarāranga i ngā rāwekenga matēria hāngai ki ngā tikanga whakahaere. Ka whakamahi ngā kaihanga motokā i te nylon paraihe kia neke ake te pūmahara wera mā te 40% i ngā wāhanga raro-i-tauira, i te wa e kōwhiri ana ngā kaihanga taputapu hauora i ngā paraihe USP Class VI mō te whakawhitinga biologically. Ko te whakaturanga mā te rite ki te mahi i te ao tuturu, e whakapumautia ana ngā āhuatanga pūmau matua pērā i:
Ko tēnei rawa o te whakaritenga e āwhina ana i ngā kaihanga OEM kia tutuki i ngā here whakaaetanga hahinga kia kaua ai te painga.
Ko te whakahaerenga e whakakapi ngā mahi ā-ringa ki ngā pūnaha mātaiaro me ngā rarauna hākoi, e whakahaere ana i te tōkātanga, te whakamahinga, me te tirohanga ki te wā tonu o te cikira. Ko ngā mātaiaro mā te servo e mahi tata nei ana, e whakapakari ake ai te kaha o te hua e 45% ana, i te heke i ngā hereketanga rāwekenga. Ko ngā panonitanga arotake e whakapakari ake ana i te wā e mahi ana, e waihangatia ana ngā rerekētanga whanaketanga e noho tūhonu ana.
Ko te inihini tohu tikanga e waihanga ana i ngā hua near-net-shape me ngā paerewa ±0.003-inihi mai anō i te wharepaku, nā ngā hoahoa tatauranga gate me te hauārangi pai. He nui ake te heke i ngā mahi tuarua:
| Te Iti i muri i te Tīmatanga | IMPACT | Te Whiwhi i te Mahi |
|---|---|---|
| Māhinia Tuarua | Kua wehe kia 78% o ngā āhuatanga | te penapena wā e 20–30% |
| Tāpuhi Kākāhi | Kua iti i te whakapiripiri takotoranga motuhake | te utu e 15–25% te iti |
| Whakauru Mahi | Kua whakauruhia mā ngā pakanga pakari me ngā huinga oronga | 40% iti ake ngā huarahi whakangao |
Kua whakamātauria ngā hoahoa kia iti ake ngā hararu pērā i ngā tohu pōkai me te māmā, ka tere ake te wā ki te tātaki, i te tuhinga o te tikanga i runga i ngā porotiti mano.
Ko ngā rīwhiā ā-tūtohu mō te pāpaku inu pāpaku e iti rawa ai te utu i ia waeine i te whakangao kikii-katoa, e tuku tino tāpiripiri moni mō ngā kaiwhakangao i muri i te utu tuatahi mo ngā rīwhiā.
Ko ngā punaha rorohiko e whakahaere ana i te putanga matēraerae ki roto i ngā rīwhiā, e iti ai te paru mā te whakarite kia tika te rahi o te whakamahi, ko te nuinga anake pea te 5% te paru i te tuatahi i ngā tikanga tawhito e paru ai te 70% matēraerae.
Āe, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakangao te whakamahi anō i ngā paru thermoplastic mai i te pāpaku inu pāpaku, mā ngā kapa pūrua e iti ai te hiahia ki ngā polymer hou mā te 25% i te wa e pupūri ana i ngā paerewa kounga.
Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga aunoa pēnei i te tango i ngā wāhanga robot me te tirotiro kounga, me ngā pūnaha kawe whakauru, te whakaiti i ngā utu kaimahi ki te 40% me te āhei i te hanga tonu, kore e whakamutua.
Ka whakaarohia e ngā hoahoa pokepokea ai ngā āhuatanga taumaha tūturu, ā, ka whakamahia ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā tūnga kuwaha me ngā ara whakawera kia tino roa ai te mahi, kia iti ai ngā whakahokinga wāhanga, kia tere ai ngā tukanga tiwhikete.
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