Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseemceeb ntawm Kev Sau Lub Tsev Kawm: Lub Ntaub Lwj Kawm

Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseemceeb ntawm Kev Sau Lub Tsev Kawm rau Kev Sau Hlau Txhua yam

Paub txog Kev Sau Lub Tsev Kawm

Kev sau lub tsev kawm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho khoom yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas ntxiv ntag nrog qhov kev tsim kho khoom thiab cov neeg sau tsev kawm. Qhov kev sib txuas no txuas ntxiv rau kev sau lub tsev kawm kom zoo dua rau kev tsim kho khoom, xws li kev sau tsev kawm, kev sau tsev kawm kom sov, thiab kev sau tsev kawm kom txuag ntau.

Kev Sau Khoom Rau Kev Sau Hlau (DFM) Nyob Rau Hauv Kev Sau Lub Tsev Kawm

Kev xa tuaj tshwm ntej ntawm DFM txo qhag ntau li 25-30% los ntawm kev daws teeb meem nyob hauv kev tsim tawm (Apollo Technical, 2023). Tiv thaiv cov duab ntsuas yooj yoox uas muaj feem pib sib cuag thiab cov khoom siv zoo ib yam kom txo qhag kev kho mob thiab kev saib xyuas.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov thickness sib npaug thiab lub qhov rooj kaw luv

Kev tshuab qhov thickness sib npaug ±10% txhua qhov chaw tiv thaiv kev sib txwv cooling. Lub qhov rooj kaw luv tshaj 1° per sab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntim lossis cov kab ncauj ncauj tshaj 50mm.

Sau cov ribs, bosses, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshuab siv nyob rau hauv

Yam khoom siv tshuaj xyaw yuav tsum muab kev xav txog txog qhov siab rau sab npaug ratio ntawm 3:1 kom tso tsis tau kev ploj tshwm ntau hauv kev tsim kho. Siv cov cua khaum zoo tiv thaiv kom tsis txuas nrog thiab tsis hnyav dua, raws li pom tseeb hauv kev kawm kho mob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsim kho.

Kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tswj xyuas thiab kab ntsug rau kev ua tiav

Cov ntsiab lus tseemceeb xav tau ±0.05 mm kev tswj xyuas siv cov ntaub cu harden tool steels, thaum cov ntsiab lus tsis tseemceeb tso cai ±0.15 mm. Txhawb kab ntsug mus rau sab npaug uas tsis muaj kev tshuaj xyaw, thiab sau nrog shear edges rau cov undercut uas loj dua 15°.

Cov khoom tseemceeb tseg rau kev tsim kho thiab kev xaiv ntaub

Cavity thiab core design: Qhia tias duab ntawm chav

Cavity thiab core tsim kho qhov chaw tsim kho, tsim tshiab tus duab ntawm cov khoom tiav. Cov ntaub cu tshuaj xyaw zoo li H13 tuaj yeem tshem khib ntau dua 500,000 cycle, thaum cov kev siv ntaub ntxiv zoo li DLC coating tuaj yeem kom saib xyuas tawm 45% hauv kev siv polymer (Tooling Journal 2023).

Cov khoom siv tseemceeb: Plates, guides, thiab kev pab system

Qhov kev pab tseem ceeb txuas ntxiv kom paub tseeb tias lub tshuab tsim kho rau hwm zoo ib yam. Lub plates muaj zog (siab tshaj plaws 300 HB) sib xyaw nrog lub linear bearings kom paub tseeb tias lub tshuab tsim kho tau raws li qhov chaw nruj 0.005 mm—tseem ceeb rau cov molds tsim kho rau hwm rau cov khoom siv rau kev kho mob uas xav tau qhov precision hauv micron-level.

Kev xaiv dej nkhaus rau kev nyob dav, kev tiv thaiv kev puav, thiab kev ua haujlwm kub

Yog tias xav tau lub npeej yig zoo tshaj plaws, yuav tsum muaj kev sib thooj kub uas tsis pub siab npaum li 12 mus rau 35 W/m·K, thiab tseem tsum muaj zog ruaj khov txaus siab dua 2000 MPa kom pab tau kev ruaj ntseg khiav hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem ncav qab 20,000 psi. Ntau tiam rau xyoo 2023 los ntawm ASM International tau pom txhob txaus tseeg txog P20 hlau thaum muaj chromium ntxiv tshwm sim. Hlau lo lus no nyav dua li 35% thaum sib tham txog kev nyob deb hnyav hauv kev tsim kho. Rau kev kho khoob npe, nitriding yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas pab nce qhov ceev mus rau Rockwell C 58-62 uas pab hlau nyob ntev dua. Thiab tsis txhob saib tsis meej kev daws teeb meem kub no. Yog tias txheej txheem zoo, nws tuaj yeem sau nqaij sijhawm kho tawm mus rau 40%, yog li no mas ntau tus neeg tsim kho yeej tso zog ntau rau kev pab khoob npeej yig kom zoo dua.

Qhov kev sib txawv ntawm hom hlau thiab kev khoob npeej yig nyob rau hauv kev nyob ntev

Txoj caij tsim los ntawm ESR txhim kho tau dua ob rau peb zaug ntau dua li cov neeg tshwj xeej nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pib 25% ntau dua. Cov pob hlwb thiab chrome plating pom zoo tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm kho kom 70% nyav rau cov duab npaj, thaum cov duab ntxoog (VDI 3400) pab txhim kho kev tso tawm zoo dua rau cov duab uas muaj qhov theem theem.

Kev Siv Zog, Kev Muab Zog, thiab Kev Txhim Kho Kev Pab Zog

Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseemceeb ntawm Kev Siv Zog thiab Kev Muab Zog nyob rau hauv Kev Tsia Duab Ntawv

Kev siv zog txhawm rau muab dua duab npaj los ntawm qhov muab zog mus rau hauv phab ntsa. Qhov kev tsim zoo pab txo kev lossis zog thiab pab tso siab tias kev sib thol zoo ib yam, kom tawm kev puas tsuaj xws li qhov chaw lag lag lossis tsis kawg. Kev suav los ntawm cheeb tsam yog 23% ntawm cov khoom tshem tawm los ntawm qhov tsis raug ntawm kev txhim kho lossis qhov nruab ntej.

Qhov Nruab Ntej thiab Qhov Kawg ntawm Kev Sib Thol, Kev Zoo Siab, thiab Sijhawm Kev Tsim

Kev pib tshuab tuaj li siv txoj kev yooj yim thiab tsis ntev, tab sis lawv fe kev tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw npoo siab uas pom tau. Tom qab ntawv yog kuv tshuab submarine uas tsha tseg lawv tus kheej thaum cov khoom tshuam tawm los ntawm qhov kho rai, ua rau lawv zoo rau cov khoom uas peb xav tau kom zoo nkauj xwb xws li lub tais tshuab lossis cov khoom siv hauv xab xwm. Qhov kev pib tshuab hot tip siv nyiaj cuv nyob hauv kev siv tshuab hot runner. Lawv txwv tsis pub khoom tsis xav siv los, vim tsis muaj neeg yuav tsum khaws cov tshuab sau ntawv tom qab tshuam tsis tas. Ib co kev xam xawb txog kev sib thaub ntawm plastics hauv qhov kho rai pom tias kev siv tshuab pib tshuab siv kev pib tshuab tuaj yeem txuag tau 12 mus rau 18% ntawm sijhawm tshuam. Txawj ntau dua vim tsoom neeg tshuam khoom feem ntau nyiam nrhiav kev tshuam ntev ntev tab sis tsis txhob muab ceev qhov yeej.

Cold Runner vs. Hot Runner Systems: Kev Txaus Siab Thiab Ntau Nqi

Cov qhauv tshuab tsis sib txig siv tib neeg tsim kho tawm ntawm cov chaw no, yog li ntawd yuav tsum tshem tawm tom qab kheeb lag luam ib zaug. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lawv muaj ntau dua los ntawm kev tsim kho tshuab ntau dua. Cov qhauv tshuab sib txig siv tib neeg ua differently los ntawm sauv cov khoom nyob hauv zog los ntawm kheeb tshuab. Qhov kev tu no txo cov khoom tsis xav tau thiab khiav ntev dua li 15 mus rau 25% ntev dua. Zoo tshaj plaws rau thaum cov chaw tsim khoom ua ntau dua. Yog tias hot runners muaj nqi ntau dua li 30-40% rau tshuab. Tab sis ntau tshwj tsis pom tias yog tias lawv tsim tau ntau dua li 500,000 qhauv tshuab txhua xyoo, tus nqi ntau dua feem ntau yuav cuam tshuaj nrog ib xyoo thiab ntxiv rau ib xyoo los ntawm cov khoom uas lawv txo tsis tas tshem tawm.

Sib piv qhauv tshuab los ntawm kev sib piv thiab txo cov khoom tsis xav tau

Siv CAD rau kev tsim kho tshuab tso cua kom muaj kev pib sib npaug txog tag nrho qhov chaw nyob hauv mold ntau qhov. Qhov no tshem tawm kev teeb meem uas ib co ntawm cov khoom tau kub dua li lwm yam tab sis lwm yam tsis tau sau ua ntej. Thaum siv rau daim duab tsis sib xws, kev hloov rooj sij tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj. Muab qhov loj ntawm qhov rooj sij nce tsi siab ib millimeter tuaj yeem nce kev pib sau sib npaug li 40% hauv kev tsim kho tshuab tso cua txoj kab uas muaj duab ntsiag tug. Muab sensors tso rau hauv kom pom zoo tias yuav ua li cas kuj tuaj yeem pab txo nqi. Lub tsev lag luaj sau tseg tias tau txo cov ntaub ntawv tsis xav tau los li ib caug pib txog ib ncig thaum lawv hloov mus siv cov kev ua noj no zog no.

Tso cua, Tso tawm, thiab Tso cua nqaj: Cov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb

Kev tsim kho tshuab injection yog kev tsws kom zoo tshaj rau peb qhov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb: tso cua, tso tawm, thiab tso cua nqaj. Cov qhov kev pabcuam no muab kev txheeb xyuas rau lub sijhawm tshuab, qhov yooj yim ntawm khoom, thiab lub neej ntawm tshuab.

Kev tsim kho kev tso cua: Txo sijhawm thiab pab ntxiv qhov yooj yim ntawm khoom

Kev sib txawm tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntau npaum li 70% ntawm lub sijhawm (Chen et al., 2018). Cov rooj kheej sib txawm tso rau hauv 1.5x lub thickness ntawm qhov chaw pib txhim kho kev sib txawm zoo ib yam thiab pab tiv thaiv kev tshwm sim ntawm cov duab ntxoov ntxoo. Cov rooj kheej sib txawm tsim los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab, muaj feem ntau hlo li 25-40% nyog rau cov khoom tsim nyog tshaj hauv cov kev tsim kho tshaib.

Cov caij npliag: Thaum muaj kev txaus siab tias yuav pov tseg cov khoom tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj

Cov system npliag yuav tsum muaj kev faib cov cuab yeej zoo ib yam thaum twv qhov chaw tiv thaiv. Cov nplhaib npliag (5°-10°) thiab cov nplhaib npliag yuav pab dha tu siab rau 96% ntawm cov kev siv hauv tsev hlis. Rau cov khoom phem, kev npliag nrog nitrogen yuav kom cuab yeej hlo li 18 psi tshaj li cov nplhaib tsim meej.

Cov kev tswj hwm rau kev tiv thaiv kev kuaj, kev sov thiab kev tshuab tsawg

Cov raj tshuab sib txig nrog qhov siab ntawm 0.001-0.002 txhim kho lub hauv paus uas tsha tseg, txhob kom muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sov. Cov raj tshuab sib txig txhim kho kev pib ntxiv 30% nyog rau kev tsim khoom nrog kev ntev ntau, raws li cov kev kawm noj veem tshaj txaing rau hnub no.

Sau dua kev sib xyaw thiab kev tshem tawm rau hauv cov duab nrawm

Kev tsim tshuab ntxiv txim sau dua kev sib xyaw nrog cov chaw tso tseg meej meej rau cov duab nrawm. Qhov kev sau dua no txo qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nqaj siab mus rau ⏘0.12 mm rau cov tshuab tsim kho tshuab yeej tshaj plaws thaum twg tseem nyob ib si rau kev tshem tawm ntau dua 500,000 thaum.

Kev vam rau kev sib xyaw thiab kev sim rau kev daws tshuaj xyuas

Rojn tuag ntawm kev vam rau kev sib xyaw nyob rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov teeb meem ua ntej

Siv kev lag luam ntaub ntawv chav ntxoos txhob los pab cov neeg tshuaj xyis pom cov teeb meem uas yuav tuaj yeem muaj ua ntej thaum twg tsis tau tsim li. Kev sim tshaj tshiab tuaj yeem xam xov los ntawm yam khoom siv nrog qhov cuab yeej txog 92% raws li Plastics Today piav hais nyob caug xyoo las. Cov kev sim no qhia cov chaw muaj teeb meem zoo li cov cim npuab npuab, cov av ruaj ruaj hauv kab, thiab cov chaw muaj zog uas yuav tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev npuab npuab tom qab. Thaum cov chaw tsim khoom pom cov teeb meem no ua ntej los ntawm kev lag luam daim duab digital, lawv feem ntau thim tsoom cov khoom tsis zoo los ntawm 38%. Siv sijhawm kho cov teeb meem zoo li cov chaw sau nrog tsis zoo lossis sijhawm sov tsis zoo hauv daim duab virtual tuaj yeem tso caij ntau ntxiv dua li yuav tsum rov xaiv tag nrho thaum kawm tsim khoom. Tom qab ntawd kuj pab pib mus rau ISO 9001 standards ntau dua vim tias cov ntaub ntawv tseem tau tsim nyob hauv qhov kev tsim.

Kev lag luam kom zoo dua rau qhov chaw sau nrog thiab kev faib ntau zog

Qhov chaw xa ntxoog tau sau nrog yeej muaj txiaj ntsig txaug rau lub sijhawm uas yam ntau yam tsim thiab rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm lawv. Cov rooj kawm kev sim kawm cov lus nug txog cov khoom siv zoo li cas thaum lawv dhau los ntawm cov duab meej meej, pab pom qhov chaw xa ntxoog yuav tsum nyob kom paub seb yuav tsum muab cov khoom siv mus li cas. Lub kaw lus nug piav los ntawm 2023 pom tias kev txiav txim siab qhov chaw xa ntxoog hauv cov ntoo kho mob tau txo kev kuab ntxoog nrog ib thib ob thiab tshem tawm cov duab uas tsis zoo uas ua rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo. Cov neeg kho tshuaj nyob hauv cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau ua ib co yam ntxim ib ncig: tswj lub teeb ntawm qhov chaw sov (ntxig ib pliag lossis tsawg dua 5 degrees Celsius), tswj tus nqi rub saum 50,000 ib feeb, thiab tswj kev kuab ntxoog kom zoo ib yam hauv tag nrho cov ntoo tsis pub muaj qhov sib txawv ntau dua 10% hauv qhov chaw sib txawv.

Daim piv txwv: Txo kev poob siab siv kev sim virtual hauv ntoo

Kev pib hauv kev lag luam nrog qhov chaw ntxoog tau muaj teeb meem ntxoog tshuab tsha tshaj 0.45 mm, uas tsis txog heev dua li tus nqi txaus siab tshaj 0.25 mm. Kev ua kev sim virtuall ntawv tuaj yeem pab pom cov teeb meem nyob qhov twg. Muaj tej teeb meem tseem ceeb tso tseg. Thaum kawg, cov rooj kawm ntxoog yog xa tawm ntau heev ntawm 12 mm thim sis tsis yog 8 mm. Ob, muaj teeb meem ntxoog tshuab sib txawv nyob rau 0.8%, ntau dua li xav tau. Thiab thaum kawg, cov chaw ntxoog tsis nyob rau qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws, uas pab tshuab tsha los ntawm kev ntxoog tshuab sib txawv. Thaum lawv siv cov lus qhia los ntawm kev sim no hauv kev ua tiav, qhov tshuab tsha tom qhov chaw ntxoog tsuas muaj 0.18 mm. Qhov no txhais tau tias muaj kev ceev tshuab tsha li 40%, tag nrho nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb thiab tsis muaj kev hloov pauv rau hauv yam khoom siv.

Sau cov lus qhia los ntawm kev sim rau hauv kev kho tshuab rau kev lag luam

Tus neeg tsim khoom uas nyob hauv qab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws feem ntau txhawj xeeb rau kev sim kab ntawm peb lub sijhawm tseem ceeb: thaum lawv tab tom piav cov lus nug, thaum lawv ua haujlwm kho tshuaj siab, thiab tam sim thaum kawg ua vor rau kev tsim khoom. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev sib sau nrog ntawm yam uas tau los ntawm daim ntawv thiab yam uas tseem ceeb nyob hauv keev cai. Lub xeev yog kom thaub pib nyob saum qhov 5:1 uas txhua tus neeg hais txog, thiab kom cov rooj tsis tuaj yeem nyob siab heev – zoo tshaj plaws kom nyob rau 60% lossis tsawg dua ntawm qhov thickness ntawm thaub npoo. Raws li cov kev surov los ntawm Aberdeen Group los ntawm xyoo 2023, cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev siv cov chaw sim tau ncav cuag rau hauv 23% ntau dua li kev tsim khoom theej theem uas cov chaw tsim khoom tau tsim tshiab ib zaug tom ib zaug kom paub seb dab tsi yog ua haujlwm.